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Until recently doctors believed that the hemoglobin in our red blood cells carried only oxygen and carbon dioxide when we are in good health. However, according to an article published in the April 2015 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, hemoglobin also carries a molecule called nitric oxide (NO).  It turns out that NO...

Only 35% of anesthesiologists monitor cardiac output during surgery. For high risk surgeries this is dangerous as it is critical to know if adequate oxygenation of tissues is being accomplished. It is critical to know the level of hemoglobin in our red cells, as that determines how much oxygen carrying capacity we have. It is also important to know that enough...

  According to a study in the July 2012 issue of the Canadian Medical Association Journal, iron supplementation reduced fatigue by about 50% in women with low iron but without anemia. When ferritin levels are below 50 and women with fatigue are supplemented with just 80 mg of iron per day over 12 weeks, their fatigue decreased and their iron levels increased...

For patients over the age of 60 it appears that the target hemoglobin A1c level of less than 6.0% are associated with a higher death rate. This happens despite the fact that the complications of type 2 diabetes are far lower when A1c levels are less than 6.0%. The best overall outcomes occur with A1c levels between 6.0 and 8.0. Nonetheless, the best treatment...